This success, Coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not geneticall determied, led [lisson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those diflerences are swamped by how well each person"encodes the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers-whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming-are nearly always made, not born.
25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?
[A]Faith will move mountains
[B]One reaps what one sows
[C]Practice makes perfect
[D]Like father, like son
【核心词汇】
pronounce
vt. & vi. 发音, 读
vt. 宣布; 宣称
vi. 宣判
account for
对…负有责任；对…做出解释；说明……的原因
couple with = and
详细解析
1.题目关键词
Whichof the following proverbs is closestto the message the text tries to convey?
[A]Faith will move mountains
[B]One reaps what one sows
[C]Practice makes perfect
[D]Like father, like son
2.定位关键句
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a)certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; C) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d)none of the above.
Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in"none of the above. " Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20, Ericsson recalls."He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.
This success, Coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not geneticall determied, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitiveone. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those diflerences are swamped by how well each person"encodes the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers-whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming-are nearly always made, not born.
3.题目解析
【考点】主旨题
【正确项精解】纵观全文，文章反复论述的观为：表现优秀者通常都是后天造就的，而不是先天遗传的［C］选项的 perfect对应了“表现完，表现优秀”，面 practice对应了“后天练习，后天培养”， makes表现出了后天培养和表现优秀之间的关系，因此［C］为正确选项。
【干扰项分析】［A］选项突出了 faith（信仰）的重要，但是文中并没有提到 faith，因此属于典型的“无中生有”。［B］选项突出的是遗传基因的重要性，［D］选项讲的也是遗传对子女的决定性影响，与文章要论述的论点相反，犯了“正反混淆”的错误，应排除。
【答案】C
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